How To Write Et Al

And the other that uses and or.

How to write et al. It depends on whether the publication uses the oxford comma that is the last comma in a list e g the one after white in the phrase red white and blue. Are used frequently and often incorrectly. We advise that you consult with your university or professor on which to choose. This can also be used to refer to locations. Finally be careful of a quirk of et al which is that it is plural that is it must replace at least two names or put another way it cannot stand for only one name.

Apart with a comma and some don t. For research papers having three or more authors mla states that for the reference list the first author s surname should be cited followed by a comma then the rest of the name followed by et al. For the second reference the two remaining names can be abbreviated to et al. Harvard referencing citing three authors it is generally agreed amongst universities that et al. When it follows more than one name some publications set et al.

This is because the term is an abbreviation of the latin phrase et alia the period indicates that it is an abbreviation. Follows a single name e g tate et al it doesn t need a comma. In less common situations et al. However for three authors there are two variations one which uses et al. Harris et al 2001 or harris et al.

How to write and publish a scientific paper 1 summarizes current practice as using et al. Stands for et alibi which refers to locations that will not appear in a list. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then using et al for the second and subsequent citations. The other et al. For example if you went on a trip you could use et alibi when writing down the places and hotels you visited so you don t have to name all of them.

A period is always used after et al since the term is used to abbreviate the latin term et alii there are several rules however both formal and informal that are required for proper usage of et al. A quirk of et al. So if you have worked through a reference and only one name is left to abbreviate you must spell out all the names every time to tell the two apart. Means and others and abbreviates people in a list while etc. Can be used to abbreviate almost anything.