How To Use Et Al Referencing

Use the lead author s name and et al.

How to use et al referencing. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. Chicago style has two systems of citation. Note that et al. If you reference the author s name in your text the parenthetical citation goes immediately after the author s name or in this case after the abbreviation et al not at the end of the sentence as it normally would. General use of et al.

Notes and bibliography and author date style. As previously mentioned different style guidelines have adopted different rules for using et al so the best way to use et al is to check the guidelines of your target journal or organization and follow the style accordingly. In this case the latin abbreviation et al meaning and others is essential. The sixth edition of the publication manual of the american psychological association offers guidelines in the use of et al. According to 4 and 6 9.

Which is determined by the number of authors and whether it is the first time a reference has been. After the last dissimilar author. Below is a chart showing when to use et al. These refer to a previous reference and should be eliminated from the reference section. The use of et al is the same in both styles.

Once it comes to giving detailed information on the source in the reference list et al should never be used. 2008 or acoose et al 2008 for in text citation. Cite similar references based upon the first different names. Given that et al is a shortening it is important to remember the full stop at the end of al to indicate that. For subsequent in text citations of a work with 3 to 5 authors.

When three or more names are given for a reference cited in the text. In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others. Whenever you have multiple initial authors that are the same citation should go to the first dissimilar author. This can make things easier if you re referencing more than one source in the same sentence. As demonstrated in 3.