How To Use Et Al In Research Paper

How to write and publish a scientific paper 1 summarizes current practice as using et al.

How to use et al in research paper. Specifically articles with one or two authors include all names in every in text citation. The most common use of et al. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create. For research papers having three or more authors mla states that for the reference list the first author s surname should be cited followed by a comma then the rest of the name followed by et al for in text citations the first author s surname is followed by et al. Here is how this could look.

Harris et al 2001 or harris et al. It is generally used in footnotes and citations. Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al. For a work with one or two authors include the name s in every citation. Six or more authors.

As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al. The term et al. For all in text citations. On the subsequent citations for three four or five authors. In all cases you should use the last name of the first author followed by et al in your in text citation.

Throughout but citations to. The term al is an abbreviation of alii and the entire phrase et al always follows at least one person s name job position or title. According to lai and sookochoff 2018. Can be used after the first name to indicate that there are more than two other authors who worked on the project. Dusek bakke 2019 or.

After the first author. Apa format requires that you cite all of the authors at the first mention if there are three four or five and use et al afterward. 2 give all three names for every citation. Articles with three four or five authors include all names in the first in text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al. With in text citation is there.